Dural Connection Internet Edition    Volume 1, Number 1


Lamb, Karl L, Sacroiliac joint dysfunction with associated piriformis
syndrome mimicking intervertebral disc syndrome resulting in failed low back
surgery. Journal of Chiropractic Technique, August 1997, Vol. 9, No. 3: pp.
128-32.

This is a discussion of a case history of a patient who suffered from
sacroiliac joint dysfunction and myofascial pain syndrome that mimicked
intervertebral disc prolapse. The patient was treated with a combination of
trigger point deactivation, ultrasound, nutritional supplementation,
exercise, and manipulation to the left sacroiliac joint. Within 10 visits,
she was completely pain free.

A combination of problems as occurred here, may mimic a disc syndrome. A
triage system for mechanical back pain may result in a more efficient and
cost-effective approach to the chiropractic treatment of low back pain. This
proactive approach may also result in fewer cases of chronic low back pain
and reduced disability.

Wirth-Pattullo, Virginia, Hayes, Karen W., Interrater reliability of
craniosacral rate measurement and their relationship with subject' and
examiners' heart and respiratory rate measurements. Physical Therapy,
October 1994, Vol. 74, No. 10: pp. 908-20.

This study examined the interexaminer reliability of craniosacral rate and
the relationships among craniosacral rate and subjects' and examiners' heart
and respiratory rates. The examiners were three physical therapists,
experienced with craniosacral therapy. Examiner A had taken 7 courses in
craniosacral therapy and had used craniosacral examination and treatment on
more than half of her patients for 4 years. Examiner B had taken 4 courses
and had also used craniosacral therapy in the treatment of more that half of
her patients for 4 years. Examiner C had taken 2 courses, had participated
in a 9 month internship with an osteopath who was trained in craniosacral
therapy, and had subsequently worked closely with him for 2 years. All three
examiners routinely assessed craniosacral motion when treating their patients.

The authors concluded that measurements of craniosacral motion did not appear
to be related to measurements of heart and respiratory rates and therapists
were not able to measure it reliably. Measurement error may be sufficiently
large to render many clinical decisions potentially erroneous. Further
studies are needed to verify whether craniosacral motion exists, examine the
interpretations of craniosacral assessment, determine the reliability of all
aspects of the assessment, and examine whether craniosacral therapy is an
effective treatment.

Greenman, P.E., McPartland, J.M., Cranial findings and iatrogenesis from
craniosacral manipulation in patients with traumatic brain syndrome. Journal
of the American Osteopathic Association, March 1995, Vol. 95, No. 3: pp.
182-8;191-2.

In a study performed at the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic
Medicine, East Lansing, craniosacral findings were recorded for all patient
with traumatic brain injury entering an outpatient rehabilitation program
between 1978 and 1992. The average cranial rhythmic impulse was low in all
55 patients (average, 7.2 c/min.). At least one cranial strain pattern was
exhibited by 95%, and 87% had one or more bony motion restrictions. Sacral
findings were similar to those in patients with low back pain. Although
craniosacral manipulation has been found empirically useful in patients with
traumatic brain injury, three cases of iatrogenesis occurred. The incidence
rate is low (5%), but the practitioner must be prepared to deal with the
possibility of adverse reactions.

Pick, Marc G., A preliminary single case magnetic resonance imaging
investigation into maxillary frontal-parietal manipulation and its short-term
effect upon the intercranial structures of an adult human brain., Journal of
Manipulative Physiological Therapeutics, March - April 1994; Vol. 17, No. 3:
pp. 168-73.

The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that external
cranial manipulation can cause a change within the structures of the human
brain. Two MRI scans were administered. One with investigator's contact to
subject's maxillary palate and the other contact to the frontal/parietal
region surrounding the bregma. The second MRI was administered with contacts
in position but with application of external cranial pressure.

The second MRI (when pressure was applied) demonstrated elimination of a 5-mm
peak along the superior border of the corpus callosum and a 4-mm reduction in
the width of the fornix column. The exposed anterior/superior wall of the
lateral ventricle posterior to the fornix column increased 51 degrees
cephalad with manipulative application. The angular surface of the central
lobule altered by minus 26 degrees, and the posterior surface of the inferior
colliculi varied by minus 7 degrees. The subject experienced no change in
his asymptomatic condition as a result of this study. The author concluded
that the present study supports the theory that external cranial manipulation
affects the structure of the brain. It also suggests support for theories
regarding suture mobility.

Gregory, Thomas M., Temporomandibular disorder associated with sacroiliac
sprain., Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, May 1993;
Vol. 16, No. 4: pp. 256-65.

This article presents a case of the external derangement-type
temporomandibular disorder (TMD), temporarily relieved following chiropractic
sacro-occipital technique (SOT) treatment, including SOT category II blocking
to reduce sacroiliac sprain. There was symptom exacerbation midway through
the course of treatment which followed additional dental work; symptom
remission then followed additional SOT treatment. Freedom from symptoms was
maintained with a 3-week treatment interval. There appears to be a
cause-effect relationship between external derangement-type TMD and
sacroiliac sprain. Concurrent, coordinated chiropractic and
dental treatments may improve the success rate of TMD resolution.

Chinappi, Albert S., Getzoff, Harvey, The dental-chiropractic cotreatment of
structural disorders of the jaw and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.,
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, September 1995;
Vol. 18, No. 7:
pp 476-81.

This article presents a case demonstrating the concept of integrated
dental-orthopedic and craniochiropractic care for treating structural
disorders of the jaw, neck and spine. While receiving orthodontic therapy
for significant dental and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, the patient
sought chiropractic care when she had increased temporomandibular joint and
neck/lower back pain. Initial chiropractic sacro-occipital technique (SOT)
evaluation found Category II weight-bearing instability of the sacroiliac
joint, specific thoracic and cervical vertebral subluxations, cranial sutural
restrictions and temporomandibular dysfunction. The cotreatment approach
eliminated pain while improving head, jaw, and tooth position.

The authors concluded that the position of the jaw and head and neck are
intricately linked. The acute symptoms experienced during the initial dental
treatment phase were caused by the inability of the head and neck to adapt to
maxillary and mandibular changes. Chiropractic treatments enabled the body
to respond positively to the dental changes. As the mandibular position
improved, further improvements were indicated by physical testing and x-rays.

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