The Following is a Compilation of Applied Kinesiology Research Papers Published in the Collected Papers of the International College of Applied Kinesiology for the year 2004-2005

The Collected Papers of the International College of Applied Kinesiology has been published both annually and bi-annually since the founding of the International College of Applied Kinesiology (ICAK) in 1976. There has been a concerted effort by the organization to present the research, outcomes assessment, and clinical investigations of its members to the organization as a whole and to the chiropractic profession at large. There have been over 2,000 papers in 40 Annual Yearbooks published by members of the organization. These yearbooks can be purchased from the ICAK at www.ICAKUSA.com.

It should be noted that the ICAK has not required strict conformity to formatted research design for paper presentation in its yearly-published Collected Papers. Many members of the ICAK are clinicians and are not professional researchers. This is why I have reviewed these Collected Papers and written these structured abstracts in conformity with the style currently in use in the scientific research literature around the world. These abstracts remain faithful to the information contained in the original authors’ clinical reports.

Since my own immersion in sacro occipital technique (SOT) at Palmer Chiropractic College, and then my work with Dr. David Walther and by extension Dr. George Goodheart and the rest of the AK family, I have discovered the seamless interlocking nature of these two highly evolved, progressive systems of chiropractic. Drs. Goodheart and DeJarnette will be proud to learn of that cooperation and alliance between their two systems of chiropractic is forming as the result of this joint effort of the ICAK-USA and SOTO-USA, making both of our systems, chiropractic, and healthcare stronger as a result.

-- Edited by Scott Cuthbert, D.C.

APPLIED KINESIOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF MENSTRUAL HEADACHES: A CASE HISTORY

Janet Calhoon, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To discuss a case of pre-menstrual headache, low back pain, and mood swings that occur monthly.

Clinical Features: One week before her menstrual cycle began, headaches, low back pain, and intense mood swings occurred for the patient. Her husband could accurately predict the first day of her period by the severity of her moods. She experienced a severe headache the first day of her period.

Intervention and Outcome: Applied kinesiology spinal corrections were made at one-week intervals for one menstrual cycle, and the physician monitored and guided the patient’s dietary changes. The following structural corrections were made: a naso-sphenoid cranial fault, an upper cervical, cervico-thoracic and thoraco-lumbar fixations, and neurolymphatic reflex treatment for the sartorius muscle. Instructions were given to eliminate aspartame-containing foods. Basic nutritional instructions about proper food combining (found in the AK literature) were given. The next menstrual cycle occurred without symptoms, and neither the patient nor her husband could predict when her cycle would begin.

Conclusion:  Many other conditions may produce menstrual headaches; therefore it is naïve to think of this as a disorder with a single origin and a single cure. The addition of laboratory testing, nutritional counseling, proper food combining, and the elimination of toxins from the diet were important parts of the entire diagnostic work-up of a patient with menstrual symptoms who was treated successfully using applied kinesiology chiropractic. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:3-4)

Key Indexing Terms: Menstruation Disturbances; Headache Disorders; Case Reports; Treatment; Chiropractic; Kinesiology, Applied






APPLIED KINESIOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS – AN ONGOING CASE STUDY

Janet Calhoon, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: A continuing case study of a 48-year-old female with multiple sclerosis is presented.

Clinical Features: A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis from a medical neurologist was confirmed with MRI. The patient first came for treatment after having all of her amalgams removed and undergoing IV chelation therapy with no improvement. After 2 years of AK care she went from not being able to write a check to showering without assistance. The patient was a conditioned athlete at the onset of MS.

Intervention and Outcome: The patient’s current major complaint is low back pain and she gets relief with AK treatment. Parasites, toxins, allergies, and heavy metals have been evaluated using a Comprehensive Stool Analysis, ELISA blood test, 24-hour urine and hair analysis. Nutritional counseling was given to the patient. Basic AK treatment methods were employed. She can drive to the doctor’s office now, is able to do mild workouts with Nautilus equipment, can walk with a cane without assistance, and is able to ride her horse and walk her dog for the first time in years. During the six years of treatment with this doctor, she has had no acute exacerbations of MS.

Conclusion: Treatment directed to basic structural, chemical, and emotional problems in this patient with multiple sclerosis improved her condition and reduced her pain. Concurrent neuro-radiologic studies are warranted to discover if the care rendered to this patient would benefit other patients with multiple sclerosis. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:5-6)

Key Indexing Terms: Multiple Sclerosis; Treatment; Case Reports; Chiropractic; Kinesiology, Applied






THE IMPORTANCE OF ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUCLES IN CATEGORY 1

Janet Calhoon, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To demonstrate in 30 cases with recurrent category 1 pelvic faults the involvement of the rectus abdominus, internal and external oblique abdominal muscles.

Methods: The author describes the anatomical attachments of the abdominal muscles and their relevance to pelvic mechanics.

Results: On testing the abdominal muscles in 30 patients with recurrent category 1 pelvic faults, all patients were found to have inhibited abdominal muscles. Correcting the abdominal muscles (using neurolymphatic, neurovascular, neuromuscular spindle cell, golgi tendon organ, or cranial respiratory corrections as indicated by the author’s examination), eliminated the category 1 fault in 26 of the 30 patients. On subsequent visits, the category 1 pelvic fault remained corrected.

Conclusion: In category 1 pelvic faults, the importance of the abdominal muscles was demonstrated. Further research using larger patient numbers and a control group is warranted. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:7-8)

Key Indexing Terms: Pelvis; Biomechanics; Abdominal Muscles; Muscle Hypotonia; Sacroiliac Joint; Treatment; Chiropractic; Applied Kinesiology






APPLIED KINESIOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF TIC IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT: A CASE HISTORY

Cecilia A. Duffy, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the use of applied kinesiology in the management of a 15-year-old female with tic.

Clinical Features: The patient had a four-month history of episodic eye tic, consisting of twenty-minute to one-hour episodes of eyelid blinking and rolling of the eyes independently of each other. A complete neurological examination of the patient was described.

Intervention and Outcome: The structural corrections made on the patient’s first visit were a category II pelvic fault; 2nd thoracic spinal subluxation; sphenobasilar and temporal bone cranial fault; left temporomandibular external pterygoid muscle correction; and a bilateral lateral talus. Between her first and second visits the patient had a reduction in the number of episodes of tic. With the diagnosis and treatment of chemical imbalances using applied kinesiology methods (blood glucose counseling and management, and nutritional supplementation to stabilize her blood glucose levels) in addition to the structural corrections, the prodromal episodes of the tic and the tic itself were corrected.

Conclusion: This 15-year-old with a transient motor tic disorder was managed successfully using applied kinesiology methods. Further studies on larger groups of patients with tics (including Tourette’s syndrome) are called for to evaluate whether this method of treatment would be successful with larger groups of patients and other types of tics. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:17-20)

Key Indexing Terms: Tic Disorders; Blood Glucose; Treatment; Case Reports; Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic






APPLIED KINESIOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT: A CASE HISTORY

Cecilia A. Duffy, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the case of a 12-year-old female with urinary incontinence successfully treated using applied kinesiology technique.

Clinical Features: A12-year-old female with a five-month history of urinary incompetence following emergency appendectomy surgery presents with stress incompetence, as well as occasional total incompetence. There were small incision scars at the umbilicus, above the pubis, and over the right lower quadrant associated with the appendectomy.

Intervention and Outcome: Correction of structural faults of the left sacroiliac, right occiput, thoracolumbar junction, and trigger point therapy that strengthened the left gluteus maximus muscle were made. Palpation of the left levator ani muscle with Valsalva maneuver revealed bulging (indicating inhibition of the left levator ani muscle), and was corrected using neurolymphatic reflex treatment. Valsalva maneuver also inhibited the gluteus medius muscle and was corrected using a uterine lift (or superior pubic lift) correction. The urinary incompetence was corrected after the first correction.

Conclusion: Successful management of a 12-year-old child with applied kinesiology is described. The conservative approach should be considered before more invasive procedures are pursued in patients with urinary incompetence. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:21-22)

Key Indexing Terms: Urinary Incontinence; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Treatment; Case Reports; Chiropractic; Kinesiology, Applied




EFFECTS OF PUMPING THE LIVER IN TWO CASE HISTORIES

Daniel H. Duffy, Sr., D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To present two case histories in which a manipulative maneuver to the liver produced improvement in the patients presenting problems.

Clinical Features: The first patient underwent a detached retina surgery that resulted in vertical diplopia of that eye. The method for diagnosis of this problem is described. The second patient was a 37-year-old pregnant female (24 weeks gestation) experiencing hemorrhoidal pain.

Intervention and Outcome: Postural examination, manual muscle testing, and temporosphenoidal line examination were used to diagnose a problem with the pectoralis major (sternal division) muscle, which is associated in applied kinesiology with the liver. After manually manipulating the liver (the method of treatment is described), the vertical diplopia in the first patient, and the hemorrhoidal pain in the second were both improved.

Conclusion: These case histories suggest that manual treatment of the liver may benefit cases with varying symptomatology. No firm conclusion can be reached from the results of a case study, although it does suggest that applied kinesiology chiropractic care may provide benefits for patients with liver disorders. Further studies into other conditions that might respond to this therapy are warranted. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:25-26)

Key Indexing Terms: Liver; Hemorrhoids; Treatment; Case Reports; Chiropractic; Kinesiology, Applied






CASE STUDY: SEVERE RIGHT ARM NEURALGIA AND WEAKNESS FOLLOWING SURGERY

David Leaf, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To present a patient who was unable to clasp objects with his right hand after right kidney surgery. Diagnosis and treatment using applied kinesiology resolved this patient’s disability

Clinical Features: A 67-year-old male had an MRI evaluation before his release from the hospital, but it was negative. 4 weeks later the patient presented with no improvement and with his fingers limited to a flexed position; 5 degrees of wrist flexion and extension; 30 degrees of shoulder flexion and abduction. Manual muscle testing of the hand was impossible due to lack of muscle response. With the arm passively elevated however he could make a fist and flex and extend his wrist 40 degrees.

Intervention and Outcome: AK testing methods are described that revealed a thoracic outlet syndrome and cervical spinal disc injury. Treatment using strain-counterstrain and trigger point techniques to the cervical muscles were given. Cervical disc (imbrication) corrections at C5 and C6 were made; omega-3 fatty acid imbalances were treated nutritionally; and topical ibuprofen on the cervical nerve roots was done at home for 3 days. Sleeping position instructions were given. After 3 visits at one-week intervals the patient’s grip strength was 40 lbs., and he made continued progress in arm flexibility with home exercises.

Conclusion: This case demonstrated methods of muscle testing to determine multiple sites of injury to the upper extremity following trauma. Injuries to the cervical spine, thoracic outlet, elbow and wrist were all contributing to this patient’s problem. Specific treatment to each of these areas was successful. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:29-31)

Key Indexing Terms: Intervertebral Disc; Thoracic Outlet Syndrome; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome; Brachial Paresis; Treatment; Case Reports; Kinesiology, Applied







THE PROPER FITTING OF SUPPORTS AND THEIR EFFECT UPON MUSCLE STRENGTH

David Leaf, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Determine the effects of pressure applied by orthopedic support stockings on the strength of muscles.

Methods: Analytic survey. A trial of manual muscle testing was conducted on a convenience sample of 25 normal subjects. The peroneus longus and brevis, peroneus tertius and tibialis anterior all tested normotonic. A sphygmomanometer was applied to the mid-calf region. The instrument was inflated at 10-degree increments and the muscles were retested. Tests were done with the examiner and the subject blinded from the pressure recordings.

Results: In all individuals at 10, 20, and 30 mm of pressure the muscles maintained their normal strength. When the pressure was increased to 40 mm, 19 of 25 subjects had failure of the peroneus longus and brevis. In all individuals, 50 mm of pressure caused inhibition of all muscles on testing.

Conclusion: A non-symptomatic group demonstrated significant weakening of muscles at defined values with the application of specific pressures to the calf muscles. When applying support, care should be taken to ensure that the support is not so tight as to cause inhibition of the underlying muscles. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:33-34)

Key Indexing Terms: Stockings, Compression; Evaluation Studies; Kinesiology, Applied






THE USE OF MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING TO ASSESS FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION OF HIGH-THRESHOLD VERSUS LOW-THRESHOLD ALPHA MOTOR NEURONS

James Otis, D.C.

Abstract

Objective: To offer a brief review of muscle testing physiology, and the distinction between pre-loaded and post-movement muscle tests, and the neurological implications of these differing tests.

Data Sources: Information was obtained from English language medical and scientific journals and medical/physiology textbooks. Key authors indexed included Binder, Heckman, Lee, Guyton, Powers, and the applied kinesiology methods of Dr. Walter Schmitt.

Methods: Pre-loaded muscles tests are performed with 2 seconds of light pressure to elicit an isometric contraction prior to applying the test. The muscle physiology and neurological implications of an inhibited pre-loaded muscle test is described. Post-movement muscle tests are performed after the muscle has been lengthened or shortened through at least a quarter of its range of motion. The muscle physiology and neurological implications of an inhibited post-movement muscle test is described.

Conclusion: In the context of a full neurological exam, two muscle test procedures are explored that are hypothesized to be distinguishable from the standard AK manual muscle testing method. Concurrent neuro-radiological, EMG, or other diagnostic studies should be conducted to evaluate this hypothesis and its clinical relevance. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:35-43)

Key Indexing Terms: Muscles; Musculoskeletal Physiology; Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; Evaluation; Kinesiology, Applied






APPLIED KINESIOLOGY AND PROPRIOCEPTION: A NON-INVASIVE APPROACH TO EQUILIBRIUM AND BALANCE DISORDERS

Scott C. Cuthbert, D.C.

ABSTRACT

Objective:  To describe the importance of proprioception and proprioceptive testing to chiropractic diagnosis and treatment, and especially in patients with equilibrium disorders due to sensory conflict. A convenience sample of five representative cases is presented involving patients with balance disorders, ranging in age from 6 to 83.

Clinical Features: A discussion of the hypothesis of sensory conflict and proprioceptive disorders as a causative factor in cases of disequilibria was given.  Specific diagnostic tests and clinical rationales for the chiropractic diagnosis and treatment of patients with equilibrium disorders were presented.

Intervention and Outcome: Following applied kinesiology spinal, extremity, muscular, and cranial manipulative treatment the five patients were able to move and operate normally without clumsiness, falling, dizziness, or nausea. The evaluation of these patients’ responses to treatment was determined by the doctor’s observation, the patients’ subjective description of symptoms while being active, the Visual Analog Scale for Neck and Associated Pain, and applied kinesiology chiropractic physical assessment tools.

Conclusion:  Further studies into chiropractic manipulative treatments for sensory conflict and proprioceptive dysfunctions associated are indicated. The hypothesis of sensory conflict as the cause of equilibrium and balance disorders should be explored more fully by other chiropractic physicians and researchers. The method of examination and treatment described here should be studied with a larger sample of symptomatic patients to evaluate the value of these methods to other patients with equilibrium disorders. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:47-64)

Key Indexing Terms: Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Proprioception; Sensation Disorders; Diagnostic Tests; Vestibular Function Tests; Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic






THE L5-S1 FIXATION REVISITED

Cecilia A. Duffy, D.C., D.I.B.A.K. and John M. Heidrich, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To review the method of diagnosis for a fixation of the L5-S1 vertebrae in applied kinesiology. In AK, spinal fixations are a condition in which there is a lack of normal motion between vertebrae.

Data Sources: George Goodheart originally described an L5-S1 fixation frequently correlating with a unilateral teres major muscle inhibition.

Methods: A unilateral teres major muscle inhibition may strengthen with therapy localization to the L5-S1 region. Therapy localization is a procedure of placing the patient’s hand over an area of suspected involvement, then using muscle testing procedures to determine any change in strength. Proper manipulation of the L5-S1 motor unit will strengthen the teres major muscle originally found weak.

Conclusion: This fixation complex and analysis procedure is valuable in cases of difficult cervical or shoulder problems, as well as with chronic, tonic, clonic, intermittent torticollis, according to the authors. Concurrent radiologic studies and larger patient samples would be valuable to investigate this finding more thoroughly. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:65-66)

Key Indexing Terms: Manipulation, Spinal; Lumbosacral Region; Diagnosis; Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic





IODINE AND TYROSINE: THE MOST MISUSED NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE THYROID

Datis Kharrazian, D.C., M.S., F.A.A.C.P., D.A.C.B.N., D.I.B.A.K., C.N.S., C.C.N., C.S.C.S., C.C.S.P.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To discuss the negative impacts tyrosine and iodine supplementation may have on thyroid gland function.

Methods: A review of the published studies on tyrosine is made and showed little improvement in thyroid hormone levels. Tyrosine supplementation may increase catecholamine hormone levels which may suppresses thyroid hormone production. Excess iodine intake is suppressive on thyroid hormone synthesis. In the United States, the salt has been iodized, and so caution in supplementing patients with more iodine is advised.

Results: Reviewing nutritional and biochemical studies on tyrosine and iodine supplementation suggests that these nutrients are overused in the treatment of thyroid gland problems. When these two supplements cause an all-muscles-strong phenomenon on AK testing, a condition of sympathetic dominance should be suspected.

Conclusion: The author suggests that iodine and tyrosine should be used with caution in the treatment of patients with thyroid gland disturbances, especially with patients who are under a stress response and/or exposed to excess amounts of sodium in their diet. When testing patients with these supplements, an all-muscles-strong evaluation should be made to avoid iatrogenic problems. Further case studies of these hypotheses should be made. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:75-76)

Key Indexing Terms: Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Function Tests; Hypothyroidism; Tyrosine; Iodine; Dietary Supplements; Evaluation; Kinesiology, Applied






NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE THYROID: A BRIEF REVIEW

Datis Kharrazian, D.C., M.S., F.A.A.C.P., D.A.C.B.N., D.I.B.A.K., C.N.S., C.C.N., C.S.C.S., C.C.S.P.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To offer a brief review of thyroid gland physiology, and several well-known nutritional and herbal compounds that support the thyroid gland’s metabolism.

Data Sources: Information was obtained from English language medical, nutritional, and endocrine scientific journals and textbooks concerning the thyroid gland.

Methods: A review of the following nutrients on the thyroid gland was made: withania somnifera, vitamin A, vitamin D, selenium, zinc, iodine, the guggulsterones compounds in Commiphora, and other anti-oxidant nutrients.

Conclusion: Many compounds are important in supporting thyroid metabolism and are described. This paper suggests that nutrients that help quench peroxidation directly and indirectly via glutathione synthesis can be helpful in optimizing thyroid hormone metabolism. Further outcome studies into these factors are necessary. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:77-80)

Key Indexing Terms: Thyroid Gland; Hypothyroidism; Dietary Supplements; Kinesiology, Applied







LOW-TECH INDICATORS OF DECREASED BLOOD OXYGEN LEVELS

David Leaf, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Background: Measurement of blood oxygen levels has become increasingly prevalent in the chiropractic profession over the past 10 years. Correlating low blood oxygen levels with chiropractic tests would be valuable.

Objective: A relationship between weak grip strength as measured with a pinch meter between the second and third fingers and reduced blood oxygen levels below 96 (using a Pulse-Oxygen meter) is hypothesized.

Design: Private practice.

Methods: 20 patients were chosen from the author’s practice who had decreased grip strength and decreased blood oxygen levels and whose symptoms worsened with activity. The symptoms listed were fatigue and loss of muscle strength. A control group of 10 patients who did not have symptoms were tested also. Both groups were asked to march in place with their knees up to horizontal for 90 seconds, and the blood oxygen test was repeated. In the symptomatic group, 18 of 20 patients had their blood oxygen levels drop by an average of 3% or more after exercise. In the control group, the blood oxygen level dropped by 1%.

Results: For patients with low blood oxygen readings, decreased pinch strength, and lowered oxygen levels after exercise, a treatment protocol to increase respiratory function was employed. This consisted of normalization of rib, diaphragm, cervical spine, phrenic nerve, and oral and nasal breathing functions. Treatment rendered to the symptomatic group resulted in an increase in the pinch meter measurements and a 1% reduction of oxygen levels after exercise in all but 1 of the 20 cases.

Conclusion: In patients who are suspected of having low blood oxygen levels and have weakness or fatigue with activity, a simple screening test and clinical protocol is suggested. Further tests for evaluating and treating low blood oxygen levels in chiropractic practice are needed. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:83-85)

Key Indexing Terms: Respiratory System; Anoxia; Diagnostic Techniques; Clinical Protocols; Diaphragm; Phrenic Nerve; Ribs; Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic






CASE STUDY: SEVERE ADRENAL STRESS SYNDROME AS A CAUSE OF ANXIETY IN A 17-YEAR-OLD CAUCASIAN FEMALE

Tyran Mincey, D.C.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To discuss the assessment, diagnosis, and chiropractic management of a 17-year-old female with anxiety. The relationship of hypoadrenia to anxiety disorders is hypothesized.

Clinical Features: This patient complained of anxiety, nausea, amenorrhea, and fatigue (for seven years), and had been undergoing medical treatment with the drug Paxil for 15 months. The patient demonstrated orthostatic hypotension (Ragland’s sign) and a low breath-holding time (below 40 seconds). A salivary Adrenal Stress Index (ASI) measuring free cortisol demonstrated elevated A.M. cortisol levels and borderline midnight levels.

Intervention and Outcome: A modification of the patient’s diet to correct the carbohydrate to protein ratio (75% of her calories were from carbohydrates). Treatment to the upper cervical spine (injury-recall technique, developed by Dr. Walter Schmitt), spinal manipulation determined by applied kinesiology testing, the addition of essential fatty acid (flax seed oil), adrenal gland nutritional support, probiotic supplementation, and treatment for candida albicans were given. After 6 months of treatment, the author reports that her anxiety, nausea, fatigue, and amenorrhea were corrected. Method of determining the patient’s status was not described.

Conclusion: This paper suggests the importance of adequate treatment for adrenal stress disorder in cases of anxiety and fatigue. A larger patient cohort and single treatment protocols would help determine which therapy would be most beneficial in cases with anxiety disorder. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:87-88)


Key Indexing Terms: Anxiety Disorders; Amenorrhea; Adrenal Insufficiency; Nutrition Therapy; Case Reports; Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic






THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: UNDERSTANDING T-HELPER CELLS

Eric Pierotti, D.C., D.O., Ch.D (Adel)

ABSTRACT

Objective: The relevance of T lymphocytes to the response of the immune system is reviewed. A clinical finding of bilateral weakness of the infraspinatus or the middle deltoid muscle after challenging the mid-sternal area is correlated with T-helper 2 and T-helper 1 cell excess.

Data Sources: Information was obtained from English language medical and scientific journals and medical/physiology textbooks relating to the immune system.

Methods: A review of the standard AK methods of treatment for the immune system is given, as well as suggestions for nutritional support for immune system dysfunction. The key nutrients are identified and their mode of action discussed.

Conclusion: This paper suggests that a key to correcting immune dysfunction is to balance the Th1 to Th2 ratio. A clinical protocol for diagnosis and treatment are outlined. The outcomes for patients receiving these treatment methods should be reported. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:93-105)

Key Indexing Terms: Immune System; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Clinical Protocols; Kinesiology, Applied






SECONDARY GAIT REFLEXES OF THE HAND

William H. Tolhurst, D.C.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe acupuncture treatment points on the hands that improve paired muscle group function on opposite sides of the body. These muscle groups are hypothesized to be active during ambulation and gait.

Clinical Features: 10 patients from the author’s practice are examined who had weaknesses of muscles that are facilitated simultaneously in ambulation.

Intervention and Outcome: The paired muscle groups that would test weak when tested together were as follows. The infraspinatus and/or teres minor and the contralateral piriformis muscles; the supraspinatus and contralateral tensor fascia lata; the teres major and contralateral gracilis; the biceps brachii and contralateral biceps femoris; the wrist flexors and contralateral soleus; and the subscapularis and contralateral pectineus muscles. Weaknesses in testing these muscles are successfully treated with acupuncture point stimulation (method of treatment was not described).

Conclusion: The specific correlations between paired muscle weakness on testing and the acupuncture point treated by the author were not described, so this protocol could not be repeated as presented. The value of reflexes on the hands in relationship to paired muscle weakness in the muscles of ambulation should be explored more fully with treatment methods and outcome measurements more clearly identified. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:109-112)

Key Indexing Terms: Gait; Reflexes; Diagnostic Techniques; Clinical Protocols; Kinesiology, Applied; Chiropractic






OVERACTIVE MERIDIANS AND FOOD SENSITIVITY TESTING

Paul T. Sprieser, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the effect of nutritional supplementation in patients with over-active meridians using applied kinesiology diagnostic methods.

Clinical Features: A case series of 1,236 patients showing meridian involvement was evaluated, 827 women and 409 men.

Intervention and Outcome: The over-active meridian identified using applied kinesiology methods was tested using the appropriate nutritional substances for the involved meridian (organ concentrates, vitamins or minerals). Treatment to the over-active meridian using non-nutritional methods (mid-day/mid-night law, connecting point, and other methods commonly used in AK) eliminated the need for nutritional support for the over-active meridian(s).

Conclusion: During allergy or food sensitivity testing, the author cautions that nutritional treatment to an organ that has an over-active meridian may give a false-positive test during manual muscle testing because the nutrients may be reacting to the over-active meridian. The author suggests that appropriate treatment of all general meridian involvements will improve allergy and food sensitivity evaluations. A study including concurrent laboratory testing of patients with these problems and their outcomes from treatment would be valuable. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:115-116)


Key Indexing Terms: Acupuncture; Meridians; Food Hypersensitivity; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Kinesiology, Applied







THE NEW ALARM POINTS FOR THE GOVERNING AND CONCEPTION VESSELS

Paul T. Sprieser, D.C., D.I.B.A.K.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To present two new locations for the alarm points of the governing vessel (GV) and conception vessel (CV) meridians.

Clinical Features: 110 patients were evaluated who had involvement of the governing and/or the conception vessel. The traditional alarm point for the governing vessel is GV-1 and for the conception vessel is CV-24. In applied kinesiology, the pulse point for the GV and CV is located on the palm surface of the forearm near the base of the thumb. The superficial point is the conception vessel and the deep point is the governing vessel. The associated muscles for these meridians are the teres major for the governing vessel and the supraspinatus for the conception vessel.

Intervention and Outcome: The author consistently found over activity of the governing vessel and under activity in the conception vessel. This was surmised by testing the teres major (strong) and the supraspinatus (weak). Therapy localization to the new alarm points for the governing vessel CV-22, and conception vessel CV-2, would correct this pattern of testing.

Conclusion: Two other alarm points are hypothesized for the governing and conception vessel meridians. Evaluation of this hypothesis using electro-diagnostic and other types of equipment for meridian evaluation would be valuable. (Collected Papers International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2004-2005;1:119-120)

Key Indexing Terms: Acupuncture Points; Meridians; Diagnosis; Kinesiology, Applied