NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF CHIROPRACTIC EXAMINERS
174 North Church Street
Concord, North Carolina 28025
FAX: (704) 793-1385

My name is Charles Blum and I represent a chiropractic teaching and research organization entitled, “Sacro Occipital Technique Organization (SOTO) – USA.”  We have a website which can be viewed at: http://www.soto-usa.org.

We are attempting to gather information about your state’s scope of practice for chiropractors as it specifically might relate to our teaching programs.  We want to make sure that we respect your state board’s position with regards to teaching any seminars in your state.

In an article, Lamm LC, Pfannenschmidt K,  Chiropractic Scope of Practice:  What the Law Allows - Update 1999, Journal of the Neuromusculoskeletal System, Fall 1999; 7(3): 102-6, it was noted that your board did not respond to the question of whether chiropractors in your state were allowed to perform: “craniopathy” or “cranial manipulative therapy”.

Are chiropractors in your state allowed to perform: “craniopathy” or “cranial manipulative therapy?”

Please see the enclosed syllabus from Southern California University of Health Sciences and its inclusion of Cranial Technique in its curriculum (bottom of 1st page) as well as the attached references.  Your response will be greatly appreciated, as it will allow us to update our files and share this with other chiropractors.  If you need more information about the relationship of the chiropractic profession and the cranial manipulative therapies please let me know. 


Sincerely,


Charles L. Blum, DC

COURSE TITLE: Specialized Chiropractic Procedures (SCP)   
COURSE NO: CPO712

TIME REQUIREMENT:  Lecture:  2 hrs.          Laboratory:  2 hrs.           Units:  3

PREREQUISITES:  Chiropractic Procedures I, II, III, & IV

COMPETENCIES GUIDING THE COURSE:

1.  Spinal adjusting
2.  Extraspinal adjusting
3.  Non adjustive physical procedures and physical therapy
4.  Research

GENERAL COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This laboratory and lecture course focuses on specialized chiropractic procedures designed specifically to complement adjustive procedures preciously learned. Analytical tools are taught for critically evaluating the myriad of "techniques" practiced under the name of chiropractic. Valuable treatment procedures are presented based on their rationale, their useful clinical application, their compatibility with diversified techniques, and their prevalence in the chiropractic profession.
  
COURSE OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this course, a successful student will be able to:
1.    Critically appraise various chiropractic techniques in written and oral form.
2. Critically appraise various treatment procedures in written and oral form.
3. Critically appraise published data concerning chiropractic techniques and procedures.
4. Discuss the basic principles and methods of the various techniques presented in class.
5. List indications and contraindications of the procedures presented in class.
6.   Outline a rational approach for the integration of specialized procedures, where appropriate, into a diversified approach to chiropractic practice.

COURSE OUTLINE:  (Thursdays 8:00 a.m. to 11:50 a.m.)

WEEK    TOPIC

   1        Introduction; review of course syllabus & course expectations; lecture.

2       Sacral-Occipital Technique (SOT) – Dr. Richard Gerardo (quiz #1)

   3       Cranial Technique – Dr. Charles Blum (quiz #2) 

   4       Logan Basic Technique – Dr. Dennis Spurgin (quiz #3)

   5       BioEnergetic Synchronization Technique (BEST) – Dr. Renata Mihalic (quiz #4)

   6       Gonstead Technique – Dr. Gary Vitullo (quiz #5)

   7        Activator Methods – Dr. Joseph Steinhouser (quiz #6)

   8        Thompson Technique – Dr. Terence Brady; TAKE HOME MIDTERM (quiz #7)
  
   9       Directional Non-Force Technique (DNFT) – Dr. Christopher John;         MIDTERM DUE 8am

 10          Hole-In-One/Toggle Recoil Technique (HIO) – Dr. Bertrand Faucret (quiz #8)

 11       Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) – Dr. Micael Whelan (quiz #9)
 
 12       Applied Kinesiology (AK) – Dr. Barry Kaye (quiz #10)

13       NO CLASS – Thanksgiving Holiday

 14       Cox Flexion/Distraction Technique – video (quiz #11)

 15       FINAL EXAMINATION (written) - comprehensive

PLEASE NOTE:  It may be necessary, from time to time, to alter the sequence or topic of the presentations or make other changes in the course outline.  All attempts will be made to notify the students of such changes as far in advance as possible.  It is the student’s responsibility to comply with any changes that are duly announced in class. 

TEACHING METHODS/LEARNING ACTIVITIES:
Lectures, demonstrations, and workshops conducted by the lead instructor and guest doctors will be utilized in teaching this course. Written and/or oral assignments and self directed research will be required.  Each class will consist of a 2 hour lecture by the guest speaker, followed by 1 hour of lab demonstration in the J Building.  The 2nd hour of lab will be conducted in a lecture room and be utilized for class discussion, debate and assigned paper presentations.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
Required Readings:  Lecture #1 guide (Copy Center)
Class handouts (Copy Center) – Check the Copy Center weekly*
Various assigned readings & internet research
*Guest speakers may, from time to time, request that instructional material be made available to the students in the University Copy Center.  Please check the Copy Center weekly, as it may not be possible for the lead instructor to give the class notice.   
Recommended Readings:  Job Analysis of Chiropractic 2000, published by the NBCE.

Required Materials:  Patient gown and towel.
In order to maintain professional decorum and satisfy the OSHA cleanliness guidelines, all students are requested to wear patient-style gowns in the Clinical Sciences Division  laboratory courses. Gowns are to be worn during any lab practice activity.

EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT:                       GRADING:
Technique report                              50 points                        A = 90 to 100%         
Quizzes (best 8 of 11)                      40 points                        B = 80 to less than 90%
Class Participation                           40 points                        C = 70 to less than 80%
Midterm exam (take home)*            50 points                        D= 60 to less than 70%
Final exam (written)                         50 points                        F = less than 70%
                                    TOTAL      230 points                       W or WF = Withdrawn  or  Withdrawn Failing
                                                                                                I  = Incomplete

*5 points will be deducted from midterms not turned in on time on the due date. 
 10 points will be deducted for each subsequent day late.

CLASS PARTICIPATION will be based on the student’s attendance and participation in the technique presentations. Roll will be taken at each lecture and laboratory session.

TECHNIQUE REPORT:  Each student will be assigned to a group for the purpose of constructing a written and oral report describing one of the techniques presented in the course.  Details will be given in class.

QUIZZES:  A brief quiz will be given at the beginning of each class (except as noted) and will cover material presented in the previous presentations.  Each quiz will be worth 5 points and the 3 lowest scores will be dropped (best 8 of 11).  The quizzes will begin at 8:00 am and missed quizzes may not be made up.  Those arriving after completion of the quiz will not be allowed to take it, and those not signed in on the attendance sheet will not receive credit for the quiz.

Syllabus prepared by:     David M. Sikorski, D.C.
                    Revised:  August, 2003



Articles Relating to the Relationship of Chiropractic and “Cranial Manipulative Therapy” or “Craniopathy”

Pederick FO, "Developments in the Cranial Field", Chiropractic Journal of Australia, Mar 2000;30(1):13-23.

Blum, CL, "Cranial Therapeutic Treatment of Down’s Syndrome" Chiropractic Technique", May 1999; 11(2): 66-76.

Blum, CL, "Spinal/Cranial Manipulative Therapy and Tinnitus: A Case History," Chiropractic Technique, Nov 1998; 10(4): 163-8.

Blum, CL, Curl, DD, "The Relationship Between Sacro-Occipital Technique and Sphenobasilar Balance. Part One: the Key Continuities," Chiropractic Technique, Aug 1998, Vol. 10, No. 3, Pp. 95-100.

Blum, CL, Curl, DD, "The Relationship Between Sacro-Occipital Technique and Sphenobasilar Balance. Part Two: Sphenobasilar Strain Stacking," Chiropractic Technique, Aug 1998; 10(3): 101-107.

Connelly, DM, Rasmussen, SA, "The Effect of Cranial Adjusting on Hypertension: a Case Report," Chiropractic Technique, May 1998; 10(2): 75-78.

Pederick FO, "A Kaminski-type evaluation of cranial adjusting", Chiropractic Technique, Feb 1997;9(1): 1-15.

Phillips CJ, Meyer JJ, Chiropractic Care, Including Craniosacral Therapy, During Pregnancy: A Static-Group Comparison of Obstetric Interventions during Labor and Delivery Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therap 1995 Oct ;18(8): 525-9.

Pick, MG, "A Preliminary Single Case Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation into Maxillary Frontal-Parietal Manipulation and its Short-Term Effect upon the Intercranial Structures of an Adult Human Brain," Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Mar-Apr 1994; 17(3): 168-73.

Pederick FO, "For Debate: Cranial Adjusting -- An Overview", Chiropractic Journal of Australia, Sept 1993; 23(3):106-12.

Blum, CL, Cranial "Therapeutic Approach to Cranial Nerve Entrapment Part II: Cranial Nerve VII," ACA Journal of Chiropractic, Dec 1990; 27(12): 27-33.

Howatt, J, "Chiropractic: The Cranial Sacral Complex", the Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine, 1988; (1) : 13-20.

Blum, CL, "Cranial Therapeutic Approach to Cranial Nerve Entrapment Part I: Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI," ACA Journal of Chiropractic, July 1988; 22(7): 63-7.

Blum, CL, "The Effect of Movement, Stress and Mechanoelectric Activity Within the Cranial Matrix," International Journal of Orthodontics, Spring 1987; 25(1-2): 6-14.

Blum, CL, "Biodynamics of the Cranium: A Survey," The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice, Mar/May 1985: 3(2):, 164-71.

Peterson, K.; A Review of Cranial Mobility, Sacral Mobility, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Journal of the Australian Chiropractic Association. 1982 Apr ; 12(3): 7-14.

Pick MG, Spinal-cranial morphology and physiology: A review of the relationships between osseous, meningeal and neuronal structures and their role in the cranio-sacral respiratory rhythms Association of Swiss Chiropractors Conference: BŸrgenstock Hotels and Resorts : September 18, 1998.

Phillips CJ, Chiropractic and Pediatrics Cranial Compression and Distraction: a Possible Implication in Otitis Media Proceedings of the 1994 International conference on Spinal Manipulation: Palm Springs, California Jun 10-11, 1994: 136-39.

Vail B, Evaluation and Cranial Treatment of the Pediatric Patient With Sagittal Suture Synostosis: A Case Report Proceedings Of The National Conference On Chiropractic 1993 Oct: 58-63.

Phillips C, Case Study: The Effect of Utilizing Spinal Manipulation and Craniosacral Therapy as the Treatment Approach for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Proceedings Of The National Conference On Chiropractic 1991 Nov: 57-74.

Shambaugh P, Pearlman RC, Hauck K, Changes in Brain Stem Evoked Response as a Result of Chiropractic Treatment, Proceeding of the 1991 International Conference on Spinal Manipulation, Apr 1991: 227-9.

Cottam C, MacGillivray Smith E, The Roots of Cranial Manipulation Nephi Cottam and "Craniopathy" Chiropractic History 1981 ; 1(1): 31-5.